Nuclear+Explosions

**North Korea Nuclear Test Feb 12th 2013**
On 12th February 2013, North Korea conducted an underground nuclear test, its third in seven years. A tremor that exhibited a nuclear bomb signature with an initial magnitude 4.9 (later revised to 5.1) was detected by The China Earthquake Networks Center, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission and the United States Geological Survey.

media type="file" key="Nth-Korea-Nuclear-Test-Feb12-2013.mp3" width="238" height="17"

This sound recording is made from collected mini-SEED BHZ data from station MAJO (GSN) and archived on IRIS Wilbur II. Sound processing of this data used Sonifyer (Speed x50) and Audacity effects of normalisation, bass boost and vocoder were used.

@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_North_Korean_nuclear_test http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000f5t0#summary @http://www.iris.edu/hq/files/programs/education_and_outreach/retm/tm_130212_northkorea/130212NorthKorea.pdf


 * Nuclear URL REFERENCES: **

@http://www.ctbto.org/
 * Commission for the Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) **

@http://www.remm.nlm.gov/nuclearexplosion.htm
 * Nuclear Detonation: Weapons, Improvised Nuclear Devices**

@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test
 * 2006 North Korean Nuclear Test**

@http://www.jclahr.com/alaska/aeic/magnitude/energy.txt
 * Comparison of Earthquake Energy to Nuclear Explosion Energy**

@http://www.ees.lanl.gov/ees11/geophysics/geody/
 * Geodynamics & National Security - Los Alamos National Laboratory**


 * REFERENCE PAPERS**

CHAOYING ZHANG
 * NUMERICAL MODELLING AND OBSERVATIONS OF NUCLEAR-EXPLOSION CODA WAVEFIELDS - 2009**

Jeffry L. Stevens and Heming Xu
 * WAVE PROPAGATION FROM COMPLEX 3D SOURCES USING THE REPRESENTATION THEOREM - 2010**

Jeffry L. Stevens and Michael O’Brien
 * SEISMIC WAVE GENERATION AND PROPAGATION FROM COMPLEX 3D EXPLOSION SOURCES - 2011**


 * BOOKS:**

Bruce Bolt @http://www.amazon.com/Nuclear-Explosions-Earthquakes-Parted-geology/dp/0716702762
 * Nuclear Explosions and Earthquakes: The Parted Veil - 1976**


 * NOTES:**

Earthquakes are caused by sideways slippage on a fault plane, while underground nuclear explosions push outward in all directions.

In order to discuss the strengths of nuclear explosives, it is necessary to have a scale of energy release. This scale is also of importance in making comparisons between the energies of underground explosions and natural earthquakes.

Energy decrease is called geometrical spreading and frictional attenuation (earth structure) and calculation of geometrical spreading is required to arrive at an estimate of the seismic yield (Ys)

The energy released by nuclear weapons is traditionally expressed in terms of the energy stored in a kiloton or megaton of the conventional explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT).

One kiloton is one thousand (10-3) tons, one megaton is one million (10-6) tons.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale#Nuclear_explosions
 * Moment Magnitude Scale of Nuclear Explosions**

@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_yield
 * Nuclear Weapon Yield**